Copper sulfate is an inorganic compound. In the inorganic industry, it is used to manufacture other copper salts such as cuprous chloride, copper chloride, pyrophosphate copper, cuprous oxide, acetic acid copper, carbonate copper, etc. The common form of copper sulfate is a crystal. Anhydrous copper sulfate is a white crystal powder, and it may also appear light grayish green due to the presence of impurities. It is a soluble copper salt. Its relative density is 3.603. At 25℃, its solubility in water is 23.05g. It is insoluble in ethanol and ether, and is easily soluble in water. The aqueous solution is blue. It is a strong acid weak base salt. The hydrolyzed solution is slightly acidic and has a strong ability to kill pathogenic microorganisms. It is widely used in the prevention and treatment of fish diseases in aquaculture. By concentrating the solution and crystallizing it, blue crystals of pentahydrate copper sulfate can be obtained, which are commonly known as blue vitriol, stone vitriol, copper vitriol or blue vitriol. It is toxic, odorless, and has a metallic astringent taste. It is stable at normal temperature and pressure. It does not deliquesce. It will gradually weather in the dry air. At 45℃, it loses two molecules of crystalline water, at 110℃, it loses four molecules of crystalline water, and at 150℃, it loses all the crystalline water to form an anhydrous substance (rehydrated to blue vitriol), and at 650℃, it decomposes into copper oxide and sulfur trioxide.

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Application

Copper sulfate can be used to kill fungi. When mixed with lime water, it forms Bordeaux mixture, which is used to control fungi on crops such as lemons and grapes. The dilute solution is used for sterilization in aquariums and to remove snails. Due to the toxicity of copper ions to fish, the dosage must be strictly controlled. Most fungi can be killed with a very low concentration of copper sulfate. In addition, copper sulfate can also be used to control Escherichia coli. The copper sulfate ketone aqueous solution has a strong bactericidal effect and is mainly used in agriculture to prevent various diseases such as fruit trees, malt, potatoes, and rice, with good results. However, it has poor effects on rust and powdery mildew. Meanwhile, Chemicalbook warns that it can cause harm to plants. It is only suitable for use on crops with strong tolerance to copper ion toxicity or during the dormant period of fruit trees. It is a preventive fungicide that should be used before the disease occurs. It can also be used to remove algae in rice fields and ponds. It is also a trace element fertilizer that can improve the stability of chlorophyll, prevent chlorophyll from being prematurely destroyed, and promote the absorption of crops. Crops lacking copper will lose green color, and fruit trees lacking copper will have small fruits and hard flesh. Severely, the trees will die. Crops sensitive to copper include cereal crops such as wheat, barley, and oats, which are mainly used for seed treatment and foliar fertilization.