Oxalic acid is the simplest di-carboxylic acid, also known as ethanedioic acid. It is colorless and transparent crystals at room temperature. It usually contains two molecules of crystalline water. When heated to 100.1℃, the crystalline water is lost, and it becomes anhydrous oxalic acid. It is toxic and harmful to the human body. It has hygroscopicity and is soluble in ethanol, water, and slightly soluble in ether. It is insoluble in benzene and chloroform. Oxalic acid can form water-soluble complexes with many metals. Due to the direct connection of two carboxyl groups in the molecule, its acidity is stronger than that of other di-organic acids, and its acidity is 10,000 times that of acetic acid. It has strong reducibility and is easily oxidized by oxidants to form carbon dioxide and water. In acidic solutions, oxalic acid can be quantitatively oxidized by potassium permanganate, causing the potassium permanganate solution to be reduced to divalent manganese and turn colorless. The oxalic acid with crystalline water is an easily purified crystalline substance and is often used in volumetric analysis. At 189.5℃ or when exposed to concentrated sulfuric acid, it will decompose to produce carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, and water. In the laboratory, oxalic acid can be used to produce carbon monoxide gas by its thermal decomposition. In human urine, there is a small amount of oxalic acid, and calcium oxalate is the main component of urinary calculi.

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用途Application

Oxalic acid is mainly used in the production of antibiotics and camphor and other drugs, as well as as a solvent for extracting rare metals, a reducing agent for dyes, a tanning agent, etc. In addition, oxalic acid can also be used to synthesize various oxalic esters, oxalates and oxamides, and the production of the largest quantities is for diethyl oxalate, sodium oxalate, calcium oxalate, etc. Oxalic acid can also be used in the production of cobalt-molybdenum-aluminum catalysts, the cleaning of metals and marble, and the bleaching of textiles.